AÃeys eproL$

Adv$phpv$_y„ kp¥\u âpQu_ smph-Q„X$p¡mp A_¡ s¡_u kp\¡ kp\¡ kdN° il¡f_u smphX$uAp¡ Þepe_u A¡fZ¡ QY$u R>¡. NyS>fps_u hX$u Av$pgsdp„ Ål¡f rls_u AfÆ \C R>¡ L¡$ Q„X$p¡mp smph_u ÅmhZu A_¡ kpQhZudp„ kfL$pfu s„Ó r_óam _uhX$éy„ R>¡ s¡d S> kpbfdsu_¡ bÞ_¡ L$p„W¡$ rhõsf¡gp Adv$phpv$ il¡f_u `f„`fpNs smphX$uAp¡ `|fu v$C_¡ s\p s¡_u D`f Bdpfsp¡ bp„^u v¡$hp_u fÅ-d„S|>fu Ap`u_¡ çeyr_rk`g L$p¡`p£f¡i_ `p¡sp_u afS> Q|¼ey„ R>¡.

NyS>fps_u hX$u Av$pgs_p Þeped|rs®Ap¡_u M„X$`uW¡$ Q„X$p¡mp smph s¡d S> AÞe smphX$uAp¡_p dyØ¡ Adv$phpv$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_, Adv$phpv$_p L$g¡¼V$f `f s¡d S> tkQpC rhcpN_p L$pe®`pgL$ BS>_¡f D`f _p¡V$uk L$pY$u_¡ ÓZ Apv¡$i Apàep R>¡ : (1) Q„X$p¡mp smph s¡d S> AÞe smphX$uAp¡_u [õ\rs 1947, 1960 s¡d S> hs®dp_dp„ iu lsu A_¡ R>¡ s¡ A„N¡ k„`|Z® dprlsu Ap`hu (f) Q„X$p¡mp smph_u lv$dp„ S>¡ v$bpZ \ep„ lp¡e, S>¡ N¡fL$pev¡$kf bp„^L$pd \ep„ lp¡e s¡_u rhNsp¡ Ap`hu s¡d S> (3) S>m-k„Qe A_¡ c|Nc®S>m A„N¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf_u L$p¡C S>m_urs lp¡e sp¡ s¡_u rhNsp¡ Ap`hu.

hX$u Av$pgsdp„ Ål¡f rls_u AfÆ L$f_pf _pNqfL¡$ L¡$hm smph L¡$ smphX$uAp¡_p¡ dyØp¡ S> _\u Ecp¡ L$ep£ `f„sy kfL$pf_u S>m_urs A„N¡ õ`ô$sp dpNu R>¡ s¡ blz k|QL$ R>¡. NyS>fps_u hX$u Av$pgsdp„ Q„X$p¡mp smph s\p AÞe smphX$uAp¡_p¡ dyØp¡ ApM¡ApMp¡ QQ®hp_p¡ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡ A„N¡ L$p¡C V$uL$p-qV$à`Z AÐepf¡ Ap¥rQÐec„N NZpi¡. Apd R>sp„ A¡V$gy„ S>ê$f _p¢^hy„ füy„ L¡$ Nep hj®\u suh° b_sp S>sp S>mk„L$V$_¡ L$pfZ¡ NyS>fps_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ `pZu_p âñ¡ ÅN©rs h^u flu R>¡ A_¡ S>m_urs_p¡ âñ `Z gp¡L$dp_kdp„ gpM¡Zp âñ sfuL¡$ A„L$php dp„X$ép¡ R>¡.

hj® 1999_p Qp¡dpkp_u r_óamsp_¡ gu^¡ kp¥fpô²$-L$ÃR>_p gp¡L$p¡ kapmp ÅNu Nep. dpÓ NyS>fps kfL$pf_u fplsL$pdNufu `f duV$ dp„X$u_¡ b¡ku fl¡hp_¡ bv$g¡ s¡Ap¡ Ås¡ L$qV$bÙ bÞep. iy„ Åd_Nfdp„ L¡$ iy„ Np¢X$g-g]bX$udp„ `yfpZp kfp¡hf_¡ _hkpÝe L$fhp_y„ L$pd gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ås¡ D`pX$u gu^y„. v|$f v|$f_p„ A„sqfepm NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ `Z smphp¡, smphX$uAp¡ vy$fõs L$fhp_y„ s¡d S> L|$$hpAp¡ KX$p L$fhp_y„ L$pe® c[¼scph`|h®L$ iê$ \ey„. ¼ep„L$ S>mepÓpAp¡ \C, ¼ep„L$ S>meop¡ \ep„ A_¡ ¼ep„L$ cS>r_L$p¡A¡ S>mk„Qe_p¡ k„v¡$ip¡ k|f A_¡ spg kp\¡ gp¡L$p¡_p ùv$e ky^u f¡gpìep¡. gp¡L$p¡A¡ `p¡s¡ S>¡ `l¡g L$fu, S>¡ k„L$ë` L$ep£ s¡dp„ A`_p lp\ S>NÞ_p\_u cph_p îdeo b_u_¡ Ahsfu.

f000_y„ Qp¡dpky `Z ÅZ¡ L¡$ lp\spmu Ap`u_¡ S>sy„ füy„. L$ÃR>-kp¥fpô²$ s¡d S> DÑf NyS>fps_p dp¡V$p cpN_p rhõspfp¡dp„ afu S>mk„L$V$ O¡fy„ b_hp dp„X$éy„ R>¡. Ap sb½¡$ ÅN©rs NpdX$p„Ap¡, L$kbpAp¡ A_¡ _Nfp¡dp„\u ApNm âkfu_¡ dlp_Nfp¡ ky^u `lp¢Qhp dp„X$u. `qf[õ\rsdp„ NyZpÐdL$ `qfhs®_ sp¡ A¡ Apìey„ L¡$ _NfS>_p¡dp„ `pZu_p âñ_u kdunp iê$ \C, rhïg¡jZ L$fhp_y„ iê$ \ey„. A`¡np sp¡ A¡hu lp¡e L¡$ _NfS>_p¡ `l¡gp ÅN¡, `pV$_Nf `l¡gy„ ÅN¡ `f„sy NyS>fpsdp„ NpdX$p„Ap¡ A_¡ _p_p„ il¡fp¡ `l¡gp„ ÅÁep„ A_¡ s¡_¡ `Ng¡ `Ng¡ fpS>_Nf NZpsy„ Adv$phpv$ `Z ÅÁey„. ÅÁep `R>u kp¢kfp¡ khpg L$fhp dp„X$ép¡ L¡$ `pZu_p âñ¡ fpÄe kfL$pf_u L$p¡C _urs Mfu L¡$ _l]? ìeh[õ\s rhQpfZp A_¡ Apep¡S>_ Mfy„ L¡$ _l]?

NyS>fps kfL$pf `pk¡ L¡$ Adv$phpv$ çeyr_rk`g L$p¡`p£f¡i_ `pk¡ L$p¡C ìeh[õ\s rhQpfZp _\u L¡$ _ursNs õ`ô$sp _\u A¡_p¡ ¿epg sp¡ A¡ D`f\u S> Aphu S>i¡ L¡$ Nep hj®\u L$p„L$qfep smph KXy„$ L$fhp_y„ iê$ L$fpey„ `f„sy Q„X$p¡mp smph_¡ hukfu S>hpey„. bÓuk M|Zp ^fphsy„ A_¡ 1451dp„ fQpe¡gy„ L$p„L$qfep smph 76 A¡L$fdp„ `\fpe¡gy„ R>¡ Äepf¡ L$p„L$qfep\u âpQu_ Q„X$p¡mp smph 181 A¡L$fdp„ rhõsf¡gy„ R>¡ A¡hy„ Adv$phpv$ rS>ëgp_y„ kfL$pfu N¡T¡qV$ef S>Zph¡ R>¡. buÅ iåv$p¡dp„ L$luA¡ sp¡ Q„X$p¡mp L$p„L$qfep\u b¡ NÏ„ dp¡Vy„$ R>¡ R>sp„ ApS>¡ s¡_u dygpL$ps¡ S>CA¡ sp¡ `pfphpf N„v$L$u, Ak„¿e bp„^L$pdp¡, Åscps_u M¡su s¡d S> k„¿epb„^ bp¡fh¡g_¡ gu^¡ A¡ A¡hy„ sp¡ b¡lpg A_¡ bv$k|fs gpN¡ L¡$ _hu `¡Y$u_¡ ¿epg S> _ Aph¡ L¡$ A¡ L¡$V$gy„ âpQu_ A_¡ L¡$V$gy„ rhõs©s li¡.

kfp¡hfp¡, smphp¡ A_¡ smphX$uAp¡ NyS>fps_p¡ hpfkp¡ R>¡, h¥ch R>¡ A_¡ kv$uAp¡ `yfpZu L$p¡W$pk|T_p„ ârsL$p¡ R>¡. âròd cpfsdp„ hpf„hpf vy$óL$pmp¡ `X$ép„, kv$udp„ _h-v$k hpf d¡OfpÅ ê$W$sp füp A_¡ `qfZpd¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ s¡d S> fpS>L$pfZuAp¡A¡ kfp¡hfp¡ A_¡ smphp¡ Üpfp õ\pr_L$ S>mk„Qe_¡ h^y dlÒh Apàey„. Ap^yr_L$sp_p _pd¡ Ap `yfpZu L$p¡W$pk|T `l¡gp dlp_Nfp¡dp„ `R>u _Nfp¡dp„ A_¡ R>¡ëg¡ NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„\u A×íe \hp dp„X$u lsu `Z Nep hj®_p S>mk„L$V$ `R>u NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ afu âkfhp dp„X$u A_¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ `pR>u `p¡s¡ S> gp¡L$`f„`fp_¡ kÆh_ L$fhp dp„X$u. S>m A_¡ Æh__y„ kduL$fZ afu b„^pey„ A¡ NyS>fps_y„ Alp¡cpÁe NZphy„ Å¡CA¡.

rhX„$b_p A¡ flu L¡$ fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡A¡ 1984\u 1988ky^u_p„ vy$óL$pm_p„ gp„bp„ hjp£ `R>u `Z NyS>fps dpV¡$ L$p¡C S>m_urs_y„ OX$sf _ L$ey¯. Å¡ v$uO®×rô$ ^fphsp fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡ lp¡s sp¡ vy$óL$pm_p„ hjp£ kdpàs \ep„ `R>u sfs S> gp„bp Npmp_u rhQpfZp L$fu_¡ S>mk„N°l A_¡ S>mk„Qe dpV¡$, c|Nc®S>m_p S>s_ dpV¡$ A_¡ rhõsfsp npfuL$fZ_p k„v$c®dp„ kh®N°plu kh®õ`i} S>m_urs OX$u lp¡s A_¡ Adgdp„ d|L$u lp¡s. fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡A¡ _p_p, dÝed A_¡ dp¡V$p b„^p¡ A_¡ L©$rÓd S>mpiep¡ `f dv$pf fp¿ep¡ s¡d S> k„L$V$ Ecy„ \ey„ Ðepf¡ sÐL$pm `pB`gpB_p¡ _pMu_¡ _Nfp¡_u sfk rR>`phhp_p¡ s¡d S> V¢$L$fp¡ Üpfp NpdX$p„Ap¡_¡ `¡eS>m `lp¢QpX$hp_u ìehõ\p Ecu L$fu_¡ k„sp¡j dpÞep¡.

kpbfdsu _v$u D`f_p ^fp¡C b„^dp„\u Adv$phpv$_¡ `ep®às `pZu _ `lp¢Ãey„ Ðepf¡ dlukpNfdp„\u `pZu `pB`gpB_ Üpfp gphhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯. Äepf¡ dlukpNfdp„\u `pZu Ap¡Ry>„ `X$éy„ Ðepf¡ iy„ L$fhy„? DÑf ip¡^hp_p¡ R>¡!

kp¥fpô²$-L$ÃR>_p _p_p-dÝed L$np_p b„^p¡_p S>mpiedp„ ÓuÅ cpN_y„ `pZu `Z Ap hj¡® A¡L$Wy„$ _ \ey„ Ðepf¡ iy„ L$fhy„? DÑf ip¡^hp_p¡ R>¡! fpS>L$p¡V$ il¡f_¡ hp„L$p_¡f rhõspfdp„ _hp L$f¡gp 1400 bp¡fdp„\u dy¿eÐh¡ `pZu dm¡ R>¡. lh¡ Ap 1400 bp¡fdp„\u 400 kyL$pC Nep R>¡ sp¡ iy„ L$fhy„? DÑf ip¡^hp_p¡ R>¡!

S>mk„L$V$_p DÑfp¡ sp¡ fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡A¡ s¡d S> âÅS>_p¡A¡ kp\¡ flu_¡ ip¡^hp_p R>¡ A¡ õhuL$pfu gu^p `R>u `Z A¡ âñp\® dV$u _\u S>sp¡ L¡$ kh®õ`i} S>m_urs L$p¡Z OX$i¡? Np„^u_Nf_p L$sp®lsp®Ap¡ sp¡ S>mrhsfZ_u S>hpbv$pfudp„\u lp\ ^p¡C _pMhp dpN¡ R>¡. Al¡hpg A¡hp R>¡ L¡$ dlp_Nfp¡-_Nfp¡dp„ Of¡ Of¡ `pZu `lp¢QpX$hp_p L$pd_y„ Mp_NuL$fZ L$fhp_y„ NyS>fps_p fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡ kq¾$e`Z¡ rhQpfu füp R>¡. Ap_p¡ A\® A¡ \ep¡ L¡$ S>¡ qL„$ds Q|L$h¡ s¡_¡ `pZu dm¡. ApNm h^u_¡ A¡d L$lu iL$pe L¡$ S>¡ fpô²$ue k„`rÑ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ kdpS>_u k„`rÑ R>¡ s¡_¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf Mp_Nu k„`rÑdp„ `rfhrs®s L$fhp ^pf¡ R>¡. krlepfu rhQpfZp A_¡ krlepfp `yfyjp\®_¡ bv$g¡ Mp_NuL$fZ_¡ dpN£ ApNm h^sp fpÄeL$sp®Ap¡ A¡ c|gu Nep R>¡ L¡$ gp¡L$ipludp„-L$ëepZfpS>dp„ `pZu_p Mp_NuL$fZ S>¡V$gp¡ dp¡V$p¡ âÅÖp¡l buÅ¡ L$p¡C _ lp¡C iL¡$.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
Ap rhcpN l¡W$m_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ Ap `„[¼s [¼gL$ L$fhp\u hp„Qu iL$pi¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?