Äep¡S>® õ`¡V¡$ bmhp¡ L$fu_¡ 30 S>¡V$gp L¡$rb_¡V$ â^p_p¡ A_¡ hX$p â^p_ dl¡ÞÖ Qp¥^fu_¡ AV$L$dp„ gC Qp¥^fu_¡ Y$p¡fdpf dpep£ R>¡. ApW$ qv$hk_u dX$pNp„W$ `R>u õL$p¡qV$i gp¡L$p¡ S>¡hp„ õL$V®$ `l¡f¡gp qaÆ_p„ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ Ly$m_p dyMuAp¡A¡ a¢kgp¡ Apàep¡ R>¡ L¡$ bmhpMp¡f Äep¡S>® õ`¡V$ D`f L$pd Qgphu s¡_p¡ Ny_p¡ dpa L$fpe. bmhpMp¡fp¡_¡ `Z kgpds fMpe A_¡ qaÆ_y„ fpS>b„^pfZ _h¡kf\u OX$u_¡ cpfsuep¡_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$p`u _pMu_¡ _hu kfL$pf fQpe. Apd cpfsuep¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ dlv„$i¡ tlvy$Ap¡_p lp\dp„\u fpS>L$ue kÑp T|„V$hpC flu R>¡. "A¡riephuL$'A¡ hX$p â^p_ AV$g rblpfu hpS>`¡eu_¡ A¡riep_u X²$ud V$ud_u kfL$pf_p hX$p sfuL¡$ `k„v$ L$ep® R>¡. ApS>¡ Q|„V$pe¡gu kfL$pf_¡ qaÆ_p¡ A¡L$ rdi_fuAp¡A¡ QY$ph¡gp¡, dp\p_p¡ af¡gp¡ hZ®k„L$qfep¡ qarS>e_ aNphu v¡$ R>¡ A_¡ rb°V$_, L$p¡d_h¡ë\, Ap¡õV²¡$rgep, Þey Tug¡ÞX$ A_¡ cpfs gpQpf b_u_¡ Å¡C füp„ R>¡.

Qfp¡sf_p `uS> Npd_p `V¡$g X$püpcpC b¡qfõV$f lsp A_¡ `uS>\u qaÆ_p il¡f kyhpdp„ _kub AS>dphhp Ne¡gp. Äepf¡ rb°qV$ifp¡A¡ qaÆ_u ^pfpkcp_u fQ_p L$fu Ðepf¡ s¡ â\d rb_eyfp¡r`e_ õ`uL$f lsp A_¡ `R>u s¡d_p _p_p cpC fpdÆcpC `V¡$g g„X$_dp„ cZhp Aph¡gp. b¡qfõV$f \C fpdÆcpC `V¡$g `Z `R>u qaÆ_u A¡k¡çågudp„ õ`uL$f \e¡gp.

s¡d_p r`sp fpdÆcpC cpCgpgcpC `V¡$g_p¡ rbT_¡k lsp¡. gpB_b„^ vy$L$p_p¡ lsu. ApS>¡ sd¡ eyfp¡`_p„ AMbpfp¡ NpqX®$e_ A_¡ X¡$Bgu V¡$rgN°padp„ Apf. bu. `V¡$g_p bp¡X®$hpmu vy$L$p_p¡ g|„V$pe¡gu ap¡V$pdp„ Sy>Ap¡ R>¡ s¡ Apf. bu. `V¡$g_u A¡L$ S>dp_pdp„ A_¡ NC L$pg ky^u S>åbf Ålp¡S>gpgu lsu. r_kX$__p d„qv$fdp„ v$i®_ L$fhp Aph¡gp _p_ÆcpC `V¡$g_p `yÓp¡ A_¡ Apf.bu. `V¡$g_p h„iÅ¡ ApS>¡ qaÆ_u dpgrdgL$s hN¡f¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ Þey Tug¡ÞX$ L¡$ Ap¡õV²¡$rgep cpNu S>hp_p¡ rhQpf L$f¡ R>¡.

rb°qV$ifp¡A¡ L¡$Þep, eyNpÞX$pdp„ f¡gh¡ _pMu A_¡ `R>u àgpÞV¡$i_ L$ep¯ Ðepf¡ cpfsuep¡_¡ Nygpd dS|>f sfuL¡$ gC Nep. rkgp¡_dp„ Qp_p àgpÞV¡$i_ dpV¡$ srdg dS|>fp¡_¡ gC Nep. dge¡riepdp„ fbf, kp¡`pfu, _prme¡f A_¡ `pB_¡`g_u M¡su dpV¡$ L¡$fm, Ap„^° A_¡ srdg_pXy$_p dS|>fp¡_¡ gC Nep. L¡$rgap¡r_®epdp„ M¡su dpV¡$ sNX$p iuMp¡_¡ gC S>hpep. qaÆdp„ Ars amÖz` S>du_ lsu. _v$uAp¡_p¡ `pf _lp¡sp¡. gNcN 300 _p_p V$p`y A_¡ s¡dp„ 80 dlÒh_p V$p`ydp„ i¡fX$u, _prme¡fu A_¡ L¡$mp_u Av¹$cys M¡su_p¡ QpÞk lsp¡. õ\pr_L$ qaÆ gp¡L$p¡ Apqv$hpku lsp. 1850 `l¡gp„ sp¡ L$p¡C A„N°¡S> L¡$ X$Q ip¡^L$ qaÆ S>sp¡ sp¡ qaÆ_p dp_hcnu gp¡L$p¡ Np¡fpAp¡_¡ i¡L$u_¡ _põsp¡ L$fu S>sp. 1643\u 1775 ky^u Ap lpgs lsu Ðepf¡ L¡$àV$_ S>¡çk L|$L$ _pd_p S>Nsâhpku Ðep„ Ne¡gp. rb°V$_¡ Ap V$p`y_p¡ L$bÅ¡ 1874dp„ gu^p¡ A_¡ DÑf âv¡$i, lqfepZp A_¡ `„Åb_p dS|>fp¡_¡ dp¡V$u gpgQ Ap`u_¡ R>¡sft`X$u\u gphu_¡ Nygpd dS|>f b_pìep. A¡ `R>u L¡$Þep, eyNpÞX$p, L¡$rgap¡r_®ep, îug„L$p L¡$ qaÆdp„ Ap`Zp rls_y„ Ap`Z¡e Ýep_ fp¿ey„ _\u- rb°qV$ifp¡_¡ iy„ `X$u R>¡? buÅ rhðeyÙ `R>u_u Mp„X$_u s„Nudp„ rb°qV$ifp¡A¡ S>åbf Mp„X$_p¡ _ap¡ L$ep£. dS|>fp¡_p ip¡t`N dpV¡$ `V¡$gp¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ Ecu \C s¡\u Ðep„ NyS>fpsuAp¡_u hkrs h^u. rb°qV$ifp¡_u kd©rÙ_u ApQd_u NyS>fpsuAp¡_¡ `Z dmu.

`f„sy NyS>fpsuAp¡ `¥kp L$dphpdp„ S> füp. gNcN 50 V$L$p hkrs cpfsuep¡_u lsu A_¡ 90 V$L$p A\®s„Ó cpfsuep¡_p lp\dp„ lsy„ R>sp„ fpS>L$ue kÑp_u M¡h_p L$fu _l]. rb°qV$ifp¡A¡ b„^pfZdp„ cpfsuep¡_¡ kdp_ ârsr_q^Ðh Apàey„. tlvy$Ap¡_p hQ®õh kpd¡ Ðep„_p rÀõsu rdi_fuAp¡_y„ `¡V$ bmsy„ lsy„. L$_®g fpbyL$p `pk¡ 1987dp„ b¡ hMs bmhp¡ L$fpìep¡ s¡ `R>u Ap hMs_p¡ bmhp¡ `Z rdi_fuAp¡A¡ rb°qV$i L$dpÞX$p¡ `pk¡ spgud `pd¡gp 7 cpX|$su L$dpÞX$p¡ Üpfp Äep¡S>® õ`¡V$_¡ v$gpg b_phu_¡ L$fpìep¡ R>¡.

lz„ r`_p„N lsp¡ Ðepf¡ qaÆdp„ Ad¡ kpbyv$pZp, kp¡`pfu, Åeam, Åh„Óu A_¡ L$gC r_L$pk L$fsp lsp. qaÆ_p ApepsL$pfp¡ A¡V$gp cfp¡k¡d„v$ lsp L¡$ g¡V$f Ap¡a ¾¡$qX$V$ hNf D^pfu\u dpg dp¡L$gsp lsp. ApW¡$L$ qv$hk `l¡gp„ qaÆdp„ bmhp¡ \ep¡ A_¡ A¡L$pv$ S>Z¡ NyS>fpsu_u vy$L$p__u Qp¡L$u L$fu fl¡gp `p¡guk_¡ gpap¡ dpep£. `p¡guk¡ ârsL$pf _ L$ep£ s¡\u qaÆ_p kyhp il¡f_p qarS>e_p¡dp„ tlds Aphu. bk, `R>u g|„V$apV$ iê$ \C. Apf.bu. `V¡$g_u S>¡hu gNcN 175 S>¡V$gp cpfsuep¡_u- dlv„$i¡ NyS>fpsu `V¡$gp¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ g|„V$pC. gp¿Mp¡ ê$r`ep_p¡ dpg g|„V$hpdp„ Apìep¡. ApS>¡ 80 V$p`yAp¡dp„ Ap g|„V$pe¡gp dpg_u QuÅ¡ kõs¡\u h¡QpC flu R>¡. T|„`X$`Ë$uhpmp gp¡L$p¡ `Z V$uhu b¡kpX$u füp R>¡. g„X$__y„ "^ B[ÞX$`¡ÞX$ÞV$' kyhpdp„ b¡ ârsr_r^ ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡_p `ÓL$pf V$p¡_u hp¡g gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ kyhpdp„ kpàsprlL$ h¡s_ 50 X$p¡gf_y„ R>¡. Aphy„ h¡s_ d¡mhsp 26 hj®_p Å¡_¡ kp„S> ky^udp„ 30,000 X$p¡gf_p¡ dpg X$éyV$u äu ip¡`dp„\u g|„V$ép¡ R>¡.

dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ g|„V$pfpAp¡_u fp¡g¡¼k OqX$epm, kp¡_p_u Q¡_, L$`X$p„ A_¡ a¡Þku S|>sp„ D`f _S>f lp¡e R>¡. `ÓL$pf_¡ Å¡_¡ Ap¡g åg¡L$ S>k} A_¡ `fãeyd_u bp¡V$gp¡ `Z bsphu. Ap dpZk¡ S>„Ngdp„ V²$L$ gC S>C g|„V¡$gu L$udsu QuÅ¡_¡ `p¡guk ip¡^u _ iL¡$ s¡ fus¡ v$pV$u v$u^u R>¡. A¡L$ S>Z¡ L$üy„ L¡$, "`pg®d¡ÞV$_¡ DM¡X$u _MpC R>¡ s¡hp Mbf f¡qX$ep¡dp„ kp„cmsp„ S> Ad¡ kyhp_u "V$à`y' _pd_u vy$L$p_dp„ (dprgL$ NyS>fpsu) Nep. Ad¡ B[ÞX$e_p¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ S> g|„V$u, L$pfZ L¡$ Ad_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ L¡$ B[ÞX$e_p¡ Adpfu S>du_ DQp`s L$fu S>hpdp„ R>¡.' A¡ S>Z¡ Å`p_uk Vy$qfõV$_¡ g|„V$hp_u L$p¡rii L$fu Ðepf¡ `p¡guk ApX$p¡ Apìep¡. A¡ `p¡guk_¡ K^p¡ `pX$u_¡ kp¥ g|„V$hp gpÁep. A¡ `R>u vy$L$p_p¡_p L$pQ sp¡X$pep. cpfsuep¡_u vy$L$p_p¡_p¡ ê$r`ep 100 L$fp¡X$_p¡ dpg g|„V$pep¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u kp\p¡kp\ cpfsuep¡_u kÑp A_¡ fpS>L$ue ârsr_r^Ðh `Z Ap gMpe R>¡ Ðepf¡ g|„V$pC Q|¼ep„ R>¡.

"B[ÞX$`¡ÞX$ÞV$'_u buÆ `ÓL$pf L¡$\u dp¼k® gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap¡õV²¡$rge_ A_¡ Þey Tug¡ÞX$ S>¡hp v¡$ip¡_u kyhp Mps¡_u L$p¡Þkg_u L$Q¡fudp„ cpfsuep¡_u dp¡V$u L$spf gpNu R>¡. bmhp\u X$fu_¡ Å_ bQphhp Ap gp¡L$p¡ rhTp dpV¡$ Ecp R>¡. qaÆ_u 7.90 gpM_u hkrsdp„ 45\u 46 V$L$p cpfsuep¡ R>¡. dp¡V$p„ il¡fp¡dp„ S> _l] `Z _p_p-_p_p qaÆ_p V$p`y_u vy$L$p_p¡ `Z g|„V$pC R>¡. M¡sfp¡_p `pL$ g|„V$pC füp R>¡. Al] lh¡ \p¡X$pL$ Qu_pAp¡, eyfp¡r`e_p¡ A_¡ dy[õgdp¡ `Z hk¡ R>¡. cpfsuep¡_p¡ i¡fX$u A_¡ Mp„X$_p DÛp¡N D`f L$bÅ¡ R>¡. qaÆ_u â\d kfL$pfdp„ cpfsuep¡_y„ âcyÐh lsy„. hX$p â^p_ X$p¡. qV$dp¡Qu bphÖp lsp¡. rdi_fuAp¡_¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ qaÆ_p 51 V$L$p rÀõsuAp¡_p hX$pAp¡_¡ cpfsuep¡_u kyâudku Ndsu _\u. dl¡ÞÖ Qp¥^fuA¡ c|g A¡ L$fu L¡$ qaÆ_p ANpD_p b¡ bmhp_¡ c|gu Nep. dp¡V$p cpN_u S>du__u guT 2000_p A„s¡ `|fu \C flu R>¡. s¡ S>du_ qaÆ_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ kp¢`hp_u R>¡. s¡ guT bpbsdp„ Å¡ Qp¥^fuA¡ \p¡X$uL$ qX$àgp¡dku hp`fu lp¡s sp¡ Ap lpgs _ \ps. 1987_p bmhpdp„ Å¡ 75,000 cpfsuep¡ qaÆ R>p¡X$u_¡ cpÁep lp¡e sp¡ Ap hMs¡ khpep cpNi¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
dpfy„ Ad¡qfL$p_y„ rdi_ : `ÓL$pfÐh _l], `Z cË$Æ b_u_¡ eS>dp__¡ S>dpX$hp_y„
dy„bCNfp `ÓL$pf¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ iy„ Å¡ey„
R> drl_p\u NyS>fps kfL$pf KOsu lsu?
ApBA¡dA¡a A_¡ rhðb¡ÞL$ kpd¡ gX$_pfpAp¡
l¡Þku ¾$p¡r_e¡ A_¡ buÅ q¾$L¡$V$fp¡ R>V$L$u S>i¡...
gp¡k Ap¡a a¡Bk : dp_hu_u ifdu A_¡ b¡ifdu
Ap¸õL$pf rhS>¡sp d¸ÞX$uk : "Ad¡qfL$_ åeyV$u'_p ÅZhp S>¡hp qv$Áv$i®L$

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?